2026-07-25

Econometric analysis: Dynamic Spatial Models

 

We remind you that the whole of this document is accessible on the Amazon site:

https://www.amazon.fr/Boutique-Kindle-ABDI-BASID-ADAN/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n%3A672108031%2Cp_27%3AABDI-BASID%20ADAN)

 

  1. Presentation of study data

 

As part of this project of memory project, we are particularly interested in economic growth in Africa. Variables dictated by literary and empirical journals will be retrieved from the World Bank database. In this case, GDP per capita, fossil energy consumption, physical capital ... etc. Other unobservable variables will be able to be calculated. In this sense, it is the savings rate, the net capital inflow, the rates of commercial opening. Our values ​​are in current dollars. The study period or the interval by which we analyze the theme is between 1960 and 2016. In truth, more data remains unavailable for the year 2017. We will then solicit methods of clearing and correction of the missing values ​​before to be able to carry out studies whose prospects seem already purified in the general introduction.

 

 

 

Analysis of econometric results

The table opposite shows the results of dynamic panel models. In the literature, there is a variety of dynamic methods, that is, that includes the endogenous variable delayed by one period. In this sense, we present some examples of these models, although there are dynamic SDM AND SAR models, we will restrict ourselves to the maximum likelihood model. Among other things, it turns out that the estimators of the dynamic panel maximum likelihood method are very competitive and attests to the fact that the existence of a possible conditional convergence of economies in Africa is taken into account when considering the spatial framework. In addition, the control variables are significant except in the human capital variable. Although the savings rate is significant, it has a positive impact on growth per capita.



ADAN, A.-B. (2018). Croissance Economique et D茅veloppement Durable en Afrique: Analyses Statistiques et Econom茅triques [Kindle]. Amazon Media EU S.脿 r.l.


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The life’s force

 Often, in physics, one is content to mean having discovered all the existing forces in nature to the present day. But how can it be that so many people are indifferent to the power of life? One of the forces mysteriously hidden and invisible in nature. I call life force, this binding entity for living species. Nothing but life, obviously, is a balance that intertwines a lot of things together. In other words, for its perfection, it would have to exert a force on living beings. Chance is designed to serve life. An "ally" of life. Without him, one would wonder how life would come out of it. She and nature are two distinct entities. Life is a force whose disappearance could leave a void in nature. We know perfectly well that a life is a major issue for many reasons, unlike a nature, which proposes just minor elements of life. This would empirically mean that extraterrestrial life is only possible if the force of life exists. But what is this force of life? Complex thing to define. First, a basic example, down to earth, emotion with regard to five senses, which are inevitably decisive channels to convert the force of life into emotion. Many things in life bring us happiness, which is possible in most times only with money. Emotion, the most eminent is that of an affection for the other which takes the form of a will to put in association. The latter is transformed as for it, in a second will: that of ensuring the descent. Thus, for man as for animals, insects and plants, the structure is identical. In other words, life imposes through a long process its durability in nature to the living who compose it. To think of wanting to suppose the existence of an extraterrestrial life is first to imagine, an environment conducive to life and billions of different species that are indirectly interdependent between them. As a result, it seems to assert that you do not only need a sort of extraterrestrial but to assume billions of extraterrestrials whose life force plays a major role. It would be necessary to make the alliance between life and chance on the one hand and on the other hand, chance-life and nature for the very simple existence of a life in nature. This would mean empirically that a life extraterrestrial is only possible if the force of life exists. But what is this force of life? Complex thing to define. First, a basic example, down to earth, emotion regarding five senses, which are inevitably decisive channels to convert the force of life into emotion. Many things in life bring us happiness, which is possible in most times only with money. Emotion, the most eminent is that of an affection for the other which takes the form of a will to put in association. The latter is transformed as for it, in a second will: that of ensuring the descent. Thus, for man as for animals, insects and plants, the structure is identical. In other words, life imposes through a long process its durability in nature to the living who compose it. To think of wanting to suppose the existence of an extraterrestrial life is first to imagine, an environment conducive to life and billions of different species that are indirectly interdependent between them. As a result, it seems to assert that you do not only need a sort of extraterrestrial but to assume billions of extraterrestrials whose life force plays a major role. It would be necessary to make the alliance between life and chance on the one hand and on the other hand, chance-life and nature for the very simple existence of a life in nature to live on the moon independently of the Earth is never possible, even in the medium term, it would be necessary to move a whole colossally unimaginable structure. From this point of view too, the consideration or search for extraterrestrial life is an illusion. We can confirm through the complexity of the force of life that we are highly likely to be the only ones alive in the universe and it would be even more difficult for the extraterrestrial to walk around the universe without the strength of the non-terrestrial life.


Abdi-Basid ADAN, 2018.

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Main principles of statistical surveys (probability or deterministic sampling methods)

 Quantification, counting or simplified enumeration, much more than a simple method, the survey is known as first-rate tools allowing the establishment of a representative sample of a statistical population (parent group). The main purpose is to extrapolate with a margin of error to minimize, an information (an estimator) on the entire population. The reasons for the choice of the use of this technique are various, among which, the cost, the duration, the difficulties of a census, the budget, the staff ... etc. Maintaining a subset of a universe to globalize its information considers several criteria including efficiency, convergence, consistency (or robustness), Fischer information, the accuracy of the estimator obtained ... etc. On the other hand, the most important of these requirements on an estimator is precision (its convergence). In general, the survey technique is divided into two sections: on the one hand, the empirical survey (non-random) and on the other hand, the random survey. The core of the survey focuses on the notion of representativeness, which was first considered by George Gallup founder of the American Institute of Public Opinion. Therefore, the implementation must be done with more care and in the strictest possible rigor and consistent with the principles of sounding. Probabilistic methods refer to the assignment of a probability to all members of the population and to possible samples, known as inclusion probability (or survey weight). Among these are a variety of method choices based on cost, simplicity of sampling technique, structure, character dispersion within a parent population. The simplest method in probabilistic sampling technique is that of simple random draw with discount and without discount. The choice between them depends on the size of the sample. Generally, if the size of it is large, the technique with discount is more appropriate. Nevertheless, the precision of the estimator is obtained with the one not delivered. When one wishes to select by group stratification of homogeneous strata between them (intra-low variance), one also realizes that the estimator is precise that it is not. Improving quality by reducing dispersion is the purpose of sampling. To do this, we stratify according to the variable of interest. Indeed, in each stratum considered, the random selection of individuals with or without discount is maintained. From this point of view, the sampling runs in two phases. Until now, we have seen that the no-discount is preferred to the one with discount in the case of small sample or finite size. Stratification is also an added value in the accuracy of the estimator. The singularity between these methods, the probability of selection (or draw) is identical for all individuals and well known in advance. The procedure of the systematic survey or that of fish sampling or Bernoulli looks a little different, the probability of inclusion or weight of the survey is unequally distributed in the population. It is on the mathematical level, a function of auxiliary information. A variable correlated with the variable of interest. The ideal is always shot at probability with discount or without discount. Beyond the simple sounding (elementary), for the complex case namely that by cluster and with one or more degrees. The advantage lies in reducing the cost and improving the accuracy and therefore the quality of the estimator. These sampling techniques are used in the case where the enumeration area, the building blocks are homogeneous with each other (low intergroup variance). Its implementation also depends on the field of study, the structure, the variability and especially the availability of an exhaustive list of individuals. In fact, elementary sampling is also involved in these processes and is one of the last phases of a multi-stage survey. As far as empirical methods are concerned, the quota method (pseudo-random) is generally used. The selection (or draw) is done in such a way that the sample can have the same characteristic as the population. Not knowing a priori, the probability of inclusion, extrapolation or inference must be taken with more precaution. The consideration of this method lies in the fact of dedicating a quota for each characteristic on which the sample survey is conducted. The other empirical methods used in case no population information is available (base case unavailable) are convenience (or voluntary) sampling; Snowball; a priori ... etc.

Abdi-Basid ADAN, 2018.


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Cosmic Model of the Big Bang Front

There is more than 13.8 billion years, a super big blast more powerful sprung out of nowhere. Unlike a detonation, which does not exceed the speed of sound, the explosion that occurred at time t zero is such that its expansion continues and will persist until a time always indeterminate. Is it a fruit of cosmic chance? What is inevitable, science hardly reaches with  absolute certainty  to  propose a  true  cosmological theory  on the before  and  the  after  Big  Bang.  Although  the  gap  remains  significant  between  the opinions of physicists and astronomers. In chemistry, since the first works, by knowing that a product is the result of a reaction of two or more reagents. As a result, interesting closer to this remarkable phenomenon. Procreation, fertilization, balance ... etc. almost universally  any  major  and  natural  appearance  is  only  the  contribution  of  two complementary  principles.  This product  (the  universe)  could never  be  the  result of chance, it is rather a unique explosion of its kind. But if we solicit the reality governed by science and especially mathematics and unreality through statistics and probability. We will know that on the one hand and on the other hand the universality of certain principles are common. I mean that the  origin  of  the universe is the combination  of two  perfect  substances  that  dissolve  under  a  new appearance:  the universe  and  its contents. It is the most intimate secret of humanity. The largest particle research center in the world, CERN wants to understand the creation of the universe. But to reach such information seems utopian. Indeed, it is the reagents that have allowed the formation of galaxies heaps and is also remarkably in motion thanks to its inertia. The Big Bang before is assimilated  to the separation of  two perfect particles,  which results  from  a universe  in  perfect balance  whose  properties remain  to  be discovered.  To  trace  the story of Big Bang is to know for example the origin of the soul. By this I mean that the access of this secret in absolute value would never be possible unless the metaphysics provide  estimates.  But  if  we  believe  in these  two  perfect  particles,  is  it  possible  to imagine this case that their products can give imperfect particles? The ultimate answer would be to say that the combination of the billions of particles of different nature that make up the universe is likely to be reduced to two perfect particles, which are only the two keys to the creation of the universe.

Abdi-Basid ADAN, 2018.


 © 2026 The Abdi-Basid Courses Institute (tABCi). All rights reserved.

 
 

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Contact : Abdi-Basid ADAN [abdi-basid@outlook.com]


 © 2017-2026 The Abdi-Basid Courses Institute (tABCi). All rights reserved.

The concept of Darwin, a partial theory

Charles Darwin, palaeontology and  English  naturalist, published in  1859,  the book"From the origins of species." Although   independent thinker,  he   had to  borrow   thehypothesis emitted by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, 50 years rather. In fact, almost allof his research is based on three major points:

 unity, species diversity and naturalselection. In truth, the idea that Darwin puts forward his argument is simply illusory,because   indeed,   in   his   formulation,   he   suggested   that   one   constantly   keeps   theexcavations of remains of spaces to support his postulates.It   is   very   damaging   to   see   the   birth  of   a  Darwinism   current   that   persists   withdetermination,  educating   the   new   generations of values  that do not conform to theprinciples of scientificity and that defends truthful facts as mere facts. 

In spite of what,I would   demonstrate in   this article   the unfoundedness   of Darwin's   theories on   thehuman lineage in general.From   the   point   of   view   of   the   uniqueness   of   human   beings,   it   is   necessary   toascertain by nature the true existence  of a relative  similarity between several livingbeings   more   on   the   anatomical   than   on   the   morphological   level; chromosomal;molecular ... etc. As well for the species of the same medium as those of the distinctenvironments. This should not, under any circumstances let us think of the idea of  acommon   ancestor.   The   evolution   of   a   being   "origin"   or   plural   as   presupposesDarwinism can not explain the settlement of the billions of billions of living species onEarth. This constitutes a misinterpretation of nature and its evolution. In principle, thecommonality  between   species   is  irrefutable   and   must  be  seen   from  the  angle   ofbelonging to the same supreme being and not to the same common ancestor. Now itis   amazing   to   explain   an   infinite   multiplicity   of   beings,   knowing   that   others   areundiscovered until 2018 as being a drift of one or more common ancestors. On theprinciple of science, phylogeny is not in line with the evolution of species in a muchmore global dimension, it is partial and partial in its concept. Time would not be themastermind   of   the   "magic"   differentiation   of   these   species.   In   the   excavation   ofskeletal   remains,   discoveries   constantly   call   into   question   even   the   relativeconsideration   of   Darwin's   principles.   In   2004,   a   team   of   prospecting   AramcoExploration Team would have discovered, besides in Saudi Arabia a human skeleton  

of   outsized   proportions.  The   finding   of   remains   of  the   giant   men   would   be   theincontestable proof of the basis of Darwinism thought.With regard to the diversity of living things, it is quite clear that nature is balanced bythis principle, it is necessary and unconditional diversity to allow the longevity of lifeon Earth. In this sense, all species intertwine with each other. This diversity can notbe denounced, it is welcomed without exception, Again, it must be remembered thatplants  are   living   beings   and  that the earth is so. I can not understand how Darwin could  think of these beings.  Descartes in his explanation brings about the origin ofthe mistakes that rushing further pushes people to make mistakes. Darwin's attitudeis the perfect example. This diversity, in fact, derives from the ingenuity of a supremebeing unequivocal and  unambiguous. Finally, natural selection, although  defined asthe   equilibrium   of   the   environmental   balance   over   species   over   time.  


 It   is   quitecomplex to   be   able   to   understand  in  a complete dimension.  Reproduction of somespecies is in favor of others. The disparity of others is advantageous for future newspecies, which can derive from minority strains. The complex environment, predatorand prey governs this complex principle par excellence.In conclusion, to think that uniqueness gives way to the diversity of species is illusory.Although natural  selection is  the driving force behind the evolution of species overtime. It is not the latter that determines the period between the uniqueness and thediversity of species. The mystery of the uniqueness of living beings still remains to beseen, in my opinion it is the manifestation of a supreme being which defines it. Thediversity of beings  is an essential essence for the stability and continuity of life onEarth. The role of natural selection should be understood as the interaction betweenenvironment and species. From these points of view, there is no common ancestor inthe human lineage with apes. The only similarity can not justify this, it is the utopiandrift of the currents Darwinisms.


Abdi-Basid ADAN, 2018.



 © 2026 The Abdi-Basid Courses Institute (tABCi). All rights reserved.

 
 

馃彌️ tABCi Laboratories :


馃И Abdi-Basid ADAN LABS  | Focus: Interdisciplinary Sciences & Education.

馃 The Deep Thinking Lab | Focus: Philosophy & Human Sciences.

馃實 The EcoClimate Hub | Focus: Climate Science & Environment.

Contact : Abdi-Basid ADAN [abdi-basid@outlook.com]


 © 2017-2026 The Abdi-Basid Courses Institute (tABCi). All rights reserved.

The Abdi-Basid Courses Institute (tABCi)

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